DISORDERS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM IN ADULTS – CURRENT REALITIES

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the current state of the musculoskeletal system of elderly people. Research methods: theoretical analysis of special literature. The results. A wide range of researchers is seriously concerned about the state of health of the modern population. The problem of maintaining the health level of people of mature age is the most acute, since involutional changes occurring in the body are unidirectional in nature with hypokinesia, combined with polymorphic and mostly chronic diseases. Scientists note that the highest rate of morbidity in the class of diseases is the circulatory system, the second place in the incidence structure is occupied by diseases of the musculoskeletal system. It is known that the age-related imbalance of the musculoskeletal system is a factor in reducing the body’s functional potential and causing a number of chronic diseases. The relevance of the problem of awareness of the phenomenon of the spatial organization of the human body is evidenced by the fact that at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, the question of the growing trend of violations of the spatial organization of the human body, in particular, the decrease in the state of the biogeometric profile of the posture, is particularly acute. This is most relevant for human living conditions in megacities. A modern person spends most of his time sitting at work, at home, in transport, working, resting, while eating. The "sitting" pose is optimal for office work and study, a serious test for the condition of the musculoskeletal system. The posture most often suffers in this position due to a change in the state of the neuromuscular system. Prolonged sitting is the cause of back pain and various diseases of the spine. Functional disorders and degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the musculoskeletal system remain an important social problem that has significant economic consequences. Conclusions. The analysis of the achievements of scientists in the field of biomechanics of posture gives grounds for asserting the recognition of the criteria for a harmonious posture: the absence of "twisting" of the body in the horizontal plane and lateral curvatures of the spine; symmetry of the body in relation to the midline; balance of the physiological curves of the spine. In recent years, the problem of prevention and correction of pre-pathological and pathological deviations in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system of the elderly is gaining more and more socio-economic significance.