PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOLOGY DISEASES AND CERTAIN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS FROM THE POSITION OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2522-1795.2023.17.10Keywords:
physical activity, cardiovascular risk, cardiorehabilitation, prevention, evidence-based medicine.Abstract
Aim. An overview of the potential possibilities of impact from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine on various cardiovascular risk factors and the implementation of primary prevention of certain cardiovascular diseases by prescribing and expanding physical activity, differentiation of safe physical exercises in various cardiology nosologies, features of clinical and instrumental monitoring of such patients during physical training. Material. The latest updated clinical recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the management of the main cardiology nosologies were analyzed: arterial hypertension (2018), dyslipidemia (2019), chronic coronary syndrome (2020), heart failure (2019), atrial fibrillation (2021), diabetes and pre-diabetes (2020), prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2021), sports cardiology (2020). An overview of the potential possibilities of influence on various cardiovascular risk factors and the implementation of primary prevention of certain cardiovascular diseases by prescribing and expanding physical activity, differentiation of safe physical exercises in various cardiac nosologies, features of clinical and instrumental monitoring of such patients during training was made. The results. Physical activity (PA) reduces risks of hypodynamia for health and is a powerful preventive measure for many cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) with a high level of evidence: hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia (IA), abdominal obesity (IA), type 2 diabetes (IA), arterial hypertension (IA), asymptomatic coronary atherosclerosis (IA), acute and chronic coronary syndromes (IA), atherosclerosis of lower extremities (IA), heart failure (IA), atrial fibrillation (IA), sudden cardiac death (IA). In addition to physical exercises, there are also significant accompanying rehabilitation effects: lifestyle changes, educational classes, patients education, usage of activity trackers (IIaB), motivational and psychological support (IIaS). Conclusions. Physical activity is an important component of primary prevention of both individual cardiovascular risk factors and a number of cardiac diseases, and, therefore, is an integral part of preventive cardiology with a high level of evidence.
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